仿真

简介

Playwright 允许你在任何浏览器上测试应用程序，还可以模拟真实设备，如手机或平板电脑。只需配置你想要仿真的设备，Playwright 就会模拟浏览器行为，如 "userAgent"、"screenSize"、"viewport"，以及是否启用了 "hasTouch" 功能。你还可以仿真 "geolocation"、"locale" 和 "timezone"，并且可以为所有测试或特定测试设置 "permissions"，以显示通知或更改 "colorScheme"。

设备

Playwright 提供了一个【设备参数注册表】，使用 【playwright.devices】 来选择桌面、平板和移动设备。可以用来模拟特定设备的浏览器行为，如 user agent、屏幕尺寸、视口以及是否启用触摸。所有测试将使用指定的设备参数运行。

  • Test

  • Library

import { defineConfig, devices } from '@playwright/test'; // import devices

export default defineConfig({
  projects: [
    {
      name: 'chromium',
      use: {
        ...devices['Desktop Chrome'],
      },
    },
    {
      name: 'Mobile Safari',
      use: {
        ...devices['iPhone 13'],
      },
    },
  ],
});
const { chromium, devices } = require('playwright');
const browser = await chromium.launch();

const iphone13 = devices['iPhone 13'];
const context = await browser.newContext({
  ...iphone13,
});
image 2024 12 16 14 25 12 417

视口

设备已包含视口参数，但你可以在某些测试中使用 【page.setViewportSize()】 来覆盖它。

  • Test

  • Library

import { defineConfig, devices } from '@playwright/test';

export default defineConfig({
  projects: [
    {
      name: 'chromium',
      use: {
        ...devices['Desktop Chrome'],
        // It is important to define the `viewport` property after destructuring `devices`,
        // since devices also define the `viewport` for that device.
        viewport: { width: 1280, height: 720 },
      },
    },
  ]
});
// Create context with given viewport
const context = await browser.newContext({
  viewport: { width: 1280, height: 1024 }
});

测试文件：

  • Test

  • Library

import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';

test.use({
  viewport: { width: 1600, height: 1200 },
});

test('my test', async ({ page }) => {
  // ...
});
// Create context with given viewport
const context = await browser.newContext({
  viewport: { width: 1280, height: 1024 }
});

// Resize viewport for individual page
await page.setViewportSize({ width: 1600, height: 1200 });

// Emulate high-DPI
const context = await browser.newContext({
  viewport: { width: 2560, height: 1440 },
  deviceScaleFactor: 2,
});

在测试文件中也是如此。

  • Test

  • Library

import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';

test.describe('specific viewport block', () => {
  test.use({ viewport: { width: 1600, height: 1200 } });

  test('my test', async ({ page }) => {
    // ...
  });
});
// Create context with given viewport
const context = await browser.newContext({
  viewport: { width: 1600, height: 1200 }
});
const page = await context.newPage();

isMobile

确定是否考虑 meta 视口标签并启用触摸事件。

playwright.config.ts
import { defineConfig, devices } from '@playwright/test';

export default defineConfig({
  projects: [
    {
      name: 'chromium',
      use: {
        ...devices['Desktop Chrome'],
        // It is important to define the `isMobile` property after destructuring `devices`,
        // since devices also define the `isMobile` for that device.
        isMobile: false,
      },
    },
  ]
});

语言环境与时区 (Locale & Timezone)

模拟用户区域设置和时区，可以对配置中的所有测试进行全局设置，然后对特定测试进行覆盖。

import { defineConfig } from '@playwright/test';

export default defineConfig({
  use: {
    // Emulates the user locale.
    locale: 'en-GB',

    // Emulates the user timezone.
    timezoneId: 'Europe/Paris',
  },
});

  • Test

  • Library

import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';

test.use({
  locale: 'de-DE',
  timezoneId: 'Europe/Berlin',
});

test('my test for de lang in Berlin timezone', async ({ page }) => {
  await page.goto('https://www.bing.com');
  // ...
});
const context = await browser.newContext({
  locale: 'de-DE',
  timezoneId: 'Europe/Berlin',
});
image 2024 12 16 14 30 55 694

权限 (Permissions)

允许应用显示系统通知。

  • Test

  • Library

import { defineConfig } from '@playwright/test';

export default defineConfig({
  use: {
    // Grants specified permissions to the browser context.
    permissions: ['notifications'],
  },
});
const context = await browser.newContext({
  permissions: ['notifications'],
});

允许特定域名的通知权限：

  • Test

  • Library

import { test } from '@playwright/test';

test.beforeEach(async ({ context }) => {
  // Runs before each test and signs in each page.
  await context.grantPermissions(['notifications'], { origin: 'https://skype.com' });
});

test('first', async ({ page }) => {
  // page has notifications permission for https://skype.com.
});
await context.grantPermissions(['notifications'], { origin: 'https://skype.com' });

使用 browserContext.clearPermissions() 撤销所有权限：

// Library
await context.clearPermissions();

地理位置 (Geolocation)

授予 "geolocation" 权限并将地理位置设置为特定区域。

playwright.config.ts
import { defineConfig } from '@playwright/test';

export default defineConfig({
  use: {
    geolocation: { longitude: 12.492507, latitude: 41.889938 }, // 设置地理位置
    permissions: ['geolocation'], // 允许地理位置权限
  },
});

  • Test

  • Library

import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';

test.use({
  geolocation: { longitude: 41.890221, latitude: 12.492348 },
  permissions: ['geolocation'],
});

test('my test with geolocation', async ({ page }) => {
  // ...
});
const context = await browser.newContext({
  geolocation: { longitude: 41.890221, latitude: 12.492348 },
  permissions: ['geolocation']
});
image 2024 12 16 14 37 48 041

更改位置：

  • Test

  • Library

import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';

test.use({
  geolocation: { longitude: 41.890221, latitude: 12.492348 },
  permissions: ['geolocation'],
});

test('my test with geolocation', async ({ page, context }) => {
  // overwrite the location for this test
  await context.setGeolocation({ longitude: 48.858455, latitude: 2.294474 });
});
await context.setGeolocation({ longitude: 48.858455, latitude: 2.294474 });

注意，您只能更改上下文中所有页面的地理位置。

颜色模式与媒体 (Color Scheme & Media)

仿真用户的 "colorScheme"。支持值为 'light' 和 'dark'，你还可以使用 【page.emulateMedia()】 来仿真媒体类型。

playwright.config.ts
import { defineConfig } from '@playwright/test';

export default defineConfig({
  use: {
    colorScheme: 'dark',
  },
});

  • Test

  • Library

import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';

test.use({
  colorScheme: 'dark' // or 'light'
});

test('my test with dark mode', async ({ page }) => {
  // ...
});
// Create context with dark mode
const context = await browser.newContext({
  colorScheme: 'dark' // or 'light'
});

// Create page with dark mode
const page = await browser.newPage({
  colorScheme: 'dark' // or 'light'
});

// Change color scheme for the page
await page.emulateMedia({ colorScheme: 'dark' });

// Change media for page
await page.emulateMedia({ media: 'print' });
image 2024 12 16 14 40 29 913

用户代理 (User Agent)

设备已包含用户代理，因此通常无需更改它，但如果需要测试不同的用户代理，可以使用 userAgent 属性覆盖它。

  • Test

  • Library

import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';

test.use({ userAgent: 'My user agent' });

test('my user agent test', async ({ page }) => {
  // ...
});
const context = await browser.newContext({
  userAgent: 'My user agent'
});

离线 (Offline)

仿真网络离线状态。

playwright.config.ts
import { defineConfig } from '@playwright/test';

export default defineConfig({
  use: {
    offline: true
  },
});

开启 JavaScript (JavaScript Enabled)

仿真用户关闭 JavaScript 的场景。

  • Test

  • Library

import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';

test.use({ javaScriptEnabled: false });

test('test with no JavaScript', async ({ page }) => {
  // ...
});
const context = await browser.newContext({
  javaScriptEnabled: false
});